5. Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ

1. Santuṭṭhasuttaṃ

144. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘santuṭṭhāyaṃ [santuṭṭhoyaṃ (sī.)], bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhito [agathito (sī.)] amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati’’.

‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena piṇḍapātena, itarītarapiṇḍapātasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca piṇḍapātahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.

‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena senāsanena, itarītarasenāsanasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca senāsanahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca senāsanaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca senāsanaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.

‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.

‘‘Tasmātiha , bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na ca paritassissāma; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāma’’’. (Evaṃ sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ).

‘‘‘Santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena piṇḍapātena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena senāsanena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassissāma; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa [yo vā pana (sī.), yo vā (pī.)] kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.

2. Anottappīsuttaṃ



5. 迦叶相应
1. 知足经
144. 在舍卫城住……乃至……"诸比丘,迦叶对任何衣服都知足,他赞叹对任何衣服的知足;他不会因为衣服而做不适当的寻求;没有得到衣服时不焦虑;得到衣服时不贪著、不迷恋、不执着,能看到过患,有出离的智慧而受用。
诸比丘,迦叶对任何食物都知足,他赞叹对任何食物的知足;他不会因为食物而做不适当的寻求;没有得到食物时不焦虑;得到食物时不贪著、不迷恋、不执着,能看到过患,有出离的智慧而受用。
诸比丘,迦叶对任何住处都知足,他赞叹对任何住处的知足;他不会因为住处而做不适当的寻求;没有得到住处时不焦虑;得到住处时不贪著、不迷恋、不执着,能看到过患,有出离的智慧而受用。
诸比丘,迦叶对任何医药用品都知足,他赞叹对任何医药用品的知足;他不会因为医药用品而做不适当的寻求;没有得到医药用品时不焦虑;得到医药用品时不贪著、不迷恋、不执着,能看到过患,有出离的智慧而受用。
因此,诸比丘,你们应当如此学习:'我们将对任何衣服知足,赞叹对任何衣服的知足;我们不会因为衣服而做不适当的寻求;没有得到衣服时不焦虑;得到衣服时不贪著、不迷恋、不执着,能看到过患,有出离的智慧而受用。'(其他项目也应如此)
'我们将对任何食物知足……我们将对任何住处知足……我们将对任何医药用品知足,赞叹对任何医药用品的知足;我们不会因为医药用品而做不适当的寻求;没有得到医药用品时不焦虑;得到医药用品时不贪著、不迷恋、不执着,能看到过患,有出离的智慧而受用。'诸比丘,你们应当如此学习。诸比丘,我将教导你们,或者像迦叶那样的人将教导你们,被教导后你们应当如实地修行。"
第一
2. 无愧经

145. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vuccati hidaṃ, āvuso kassapa, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; ātāpī ca kho ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti.

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; kittāvatā ca panāvuso, ātāpī hoti ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti? ‘‘Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti’’.

‘‘Kathañcāvuso, anottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.

‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ātāpī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, anuppannā me kusalā dhammā…pe… ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī hoti.

‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.

3. Candūpamasuttaṃ



145. 如是我闻：一时，尊者大迦叶和尊者舍利弗住在波罗奈城仙人堕处的鹿野苑。那时，尊者舍利弗在傍晚时分从独处起来，来到尊者大迦叶所在之处。来到后，与尊者大迦叶互相问候。互相寒暄问候后，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者舍利弗对尊者大迦叶说："友迦叶，据说不精进、无愧者不能证悟，不能涅槃，不能获得无上解脱；而精进、有愧者能够证悟，能够涅槃，能够获得无上解脱。"
"友，怎样才算是不精进、无愧，不能证悟，不能涅槃，不能获得无上解脱？又怎样才算是精进、有愧，能够证悟，能够涅槃，能够获得无上解脱呢？"
"在这里，友，比丘对'我未生起的恶不善法若生起会导致不利'不精进，对'我已生起的恶不善法若不断会导致不利'不精进，对'我未生起的善法若不生起会导致不利'不精进，对'我已生起的善法若灭失会导致不利'不精进。友，这就是不精进。"
"友，怎样是无愧呢？在这里，友，比丘对'我未生起的恶不善法若生起会导致不利'不感到羞愧，对'我已生起的恶不善法若不断会导致不利'不感到羞愧，对'我未生起的善法若不生起会导致不利'不感到羞愧，对'我已生起的善法若灭失会导致不利'不感到羞愧。友，这就是无愧。友，这样不精进、无愧者不能证悟，不能涅槃，不能获得无上解脱。"
"友，怎样是精进呢？在这里，友，比丘对'我未生起的恶不善法若生起会导致不利'而精进，对'我已生起的恶不善法若不断会导致不利'而精进，对'我未生起的善法……'而精进。友，这就是精进。"
"友，怎样是有愧呢？在这里，友，比丘对'我未生起的恶不善法若生起会导致不利'感到羞愧，对'我已生起的恶不善法若不断会导致不利'感到羞愧，对'我未生起的善法若不生起会导致不利'感到羞愧，对'我已生起的善法若灭失会导致不利'感到羞愧。友，这就是有愧。友，这样精进、有愧者能够证悟，能够涅槃，能够获得无上解脱。"
第二
3. 月喻经

146. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘candūpamā, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā [appagabbā (ka.)]. Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’.

‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, candūpamo kulāni upasaṅkamati – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavako kulesu appagabbho. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamitu’’nti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti.

Atha kho bhagavā ākāse pāṇiṃ cālesi. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ ākāse pāṇi na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhuno kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano, evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.

‘‘Kassapassa, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano.

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hotī’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho . Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyu’nti; evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.

‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti [viññūhi (?)]. Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ [anudayaṃ (bahūsu) dvittakāraṇaṃ pana gavesitabbaṃ] paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.

‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti. Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.

4. Kulūpakasuttaṃ



146. 在舍卫城住……乃至……"诸比丘,你们应当像月亮一样亲近俗家 - 收敛身体,收敛心意,在俗家中总是保持新来者的态度,不要放肆。诸比丘,就像一个人观看深井或山崖或河流险处时 - 收敛身体,收敛心意;同样地,诸比丘,你们应当像月亮一样亲近俗家 - 收敛身体,收敛心意,在俗家中总是保持新来者的态度,不要放肆。"
"诸比丘,迦叶像月亮一样亲近俗家 - 收敛身体,收敛心意,在俗家中总是保持新来者的态度,不放肆。诸比丘,你们认为怎样的比丘才配亲近俗家呢?"
"世尊,我们的法以世尊为根本,以世尊为向导,以世尊为依归。善哉,世尊,请为我们解释这段话的含义。听了世尊的解释,比丘们就会记住。"
于是世尊在空中挥动手掌。"诸比丘,就像这只手掌在空中不粘着、不执取、不束缚;同样地,诸比丘,任何比丘亲近俗家时,心不粘着、不执取、不束缚于俗家 - '愿求利者得利,愿求福者行福';他对自己的所得感到满足欢喜,也对他人的所得感到满足欢喜。诸比丘,这样的比丘才配亲近俗家。"
"诸比丘,迦叶亲近俗家时,心不粘着、不执取、不束缚于俗家 - '愿求利者得利,愿求福者行福';他对自己的所得感到满足欢喜,也对他人的所得感到满足欢喜。"
"诸比丘,你们认为怎样的比丘说法不清净,怎样的比丘说法清净呢?"
"世尊,我们的法以世尊为根本,以世尊为向导,以世尊为依归。善哉,世尊,请为我们解释这段话的含义。听了世尊的解释,比丘们就会记住。"
"那么,诸比丘,仔细听,好好作意,我要说了。" "是的,世尊。"那些比丘回答世尊。世尊说道:
"诸比丘,任何比丘怀着这样的心态为他人说法:'啊,愿他们听我说法,听后对法生信,有信后对我表示敬意。'诸比丘,这样的比丘说法是不清净的。"
"然而,诸比丘,任何比丘怀着这样的心态为他人说法:'世尊所说之法是善说的、现见的、无时的、来见的、导向的、智者自知的。啊,愿他们听我说法,听后能理解法,理解后能如实修行。'他因法的殊胜而为他人说法,因慈悲心、怜悯心、同情心而为他人说法。诸比丘,这样的比丘说法是清净的。"
"诸比丘,迦叶怀着这样的心态为他人说法:'世尊所说之法是善说的、现见的、无时的、来见的、导向的、智者自知的。啊,愿他们听我说法,听后能理解法,理解后能如实修行。'他因法的殊胜而为他人说法,因慈悲心、怜悯心、同情心而为他人说法。诸比丘,我将教导你们,或者像迦叶那样的人将教导你们,被教导后你们应当如实地修行。"
第三
4. 亲近俗家经

147. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā…pe… bhagavā etadavoca –

‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ…pe… lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ… dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na arahati kūlūpako hotuṃ.

‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; dīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ.

‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, kassapassa evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti , no paṇītaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati ; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso. Ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Catutthaṃ.

5. Jiṇṇasuttaṃ



147. 在舍卫城住……乃至……"诸比丘,你们认为怎样的比丘配做俗家常客,怎样的比丘不配做俗家常客呢?"世尊,我们的法以世尊为根本……乃至……世尊说道:
"诸比丘,任何比丘怀着这样的心态亲近俗家:'愿他们给我,不要不给;愿他们给我很多,不要给少;愿他们给我精美的,不要给粗劣的;愿他们快速给我,不要拖延;愿他们恭敬地给我,不要不恭敬。'诸比丘,如果这样心态的比丘亲近俗家时,他们不给,比丘就失望;他因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们给少不给多……给粗劣不给精美……拖延不快速给,比丘就失望;他因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们不恭敬地给,不恭敬地给;比丘就失望;他因此而感受痛苦忧恼。诸比丘,这样的比丘不配做俗家常客。
然而,诸比丘,任何比丘怀着这样的心态亲近俗家:'在别人家里,怎么可能期望 - 愿他们给我,不要不给;愿他们给我很多,不要给少;愿他们给我精美的,不要给粗劣的;愿他们快速给我,不要拖延;愿他们恭敬地给我,不要不恭敬。'诸比丘,如果这样心态的比丘亲近俗家时,他们不给,比丘不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们给少不给多,比丘不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们给粗劣不给精美,比丘不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们拖延不快速给,比丘不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们不恭敬地给,不恭敬地给;比丘不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。诸比丘,这样的比丘配做俗家常客。
诸比丘,迦叶怀着这样的心态亲近俗家:'在别人家里,怎么可能期望 - 愿他们给我,不要不给;愿他们给我很多,不要给少;愿他们给我精美的,不要给粗劣的;愿他们快速给我,不要拖延;愿他们恭敬地给我,不要不恭敬。'诸比丘,如果这样心态的迦叶亲近俗家时,他们不给,迦叶不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们给少不给多,迦叶不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们给粗劣不给精美,迦叶不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们拖延不快速给,迦叶不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。他们不恭敬地给,不恭敬地给;迦叶不失望;他不因此而感受痛苦忧恼。诸比丘,我将教导你们,或者像迦叶那样的人将教导你们。被教导后你们应当如实地修行。"
第四
5. 老年经

148. Evaṃ me sutaṃ…pe… rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘jiṇṇosi dāni tvaṃ, kassapa, garukāni ca te imāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, gahapatāni [gahapatikāni (sī.)] ceva cīvarāni dhārehi, nimantanāni ca bhuñjāhi, mama ca santike viharāhī’’ti.

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, bhante, dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa [vīriyārabbhassa (ka.)] ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.

‘‘Kiṃ [kaṃ (ka.)] pana tvaṃ, kassapa, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti?

‘‘Dve khvāhaṃ, bhante, atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī. Attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ sampassamāno, pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamāno – ‘appeva nāma pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ’ [āpajjeyya (sī. syā. kaṃ.)]. ‘Ye kira te ahesuṃ buddhānubuddhasāvakā te dīgharattaṃ āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino…pe… piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ …pe… paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ… tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ… appicchā ceva ahesuṃ… santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ… asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.

‘‘Ime khvāhaṃ, bhante, dve atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Bahujanahitāya kira tvaṃ, kassapa, paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni ceva paṃsukūlāni dhārehi nibbasanāni, piṇḍāya ca carāhi, araññe ca viharāhī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.

6. Ovādasuttaṃ



148. 如是我闻……在王舍城竹林精舍。那时,尊者大迦叶来到世尊所在之处。来到后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的尊者大迦叶说:"迦叶,你现在已经老了,这些粗糙的粪扫衣对你来说太重了。因此,迦叶,你应当穿着居士布施的衣服,接受邀请用餐,住在我身边。"
"世尊,我长期以来一直是林居者,赞叹林居生活;一直是乞食者,赞叹乞食生活;一直是粪扫衣者,赞叹粪扫衣生活;一直是三衣者,赞叹三衣生活;一直是少欲者,赞叹少欲;一直是知足者,赞叹知足;一直是独处者,赞叹独处;一直是不与众交往者,赞叹不与众交往;一直是精进者,赞叹精进。"
"迦叶,你看到什么利益,长期以来一直是林居者,赞叹林居生活;一直是乞食者……乃至……一直是粪扫衣者……一直是三衣者……一直是少欲者……一直是知足者……一直是独处者……一直是不与众交往者……一直是精进者,赞叹精进呢?"
"世尊,我看到两种利益,长期以来一直是林居者,赞叹林居生活;一直是乞食者……乃至……一直是粪扫衣者……一直是三衣者……一直是少欲者……一直是知足者……一直是独处者……一直是不与众交往者……一直是精进者,赞叹精进。我看到自己现世安乐住,也怜悯后世众生:'愿后世众生效法我的行为。''那些佛陀的追随者弟子们长期以来一直是林居者,赞叹林居生活……乃至……一直是乞食者……一直是粪扫衣者……一直是三衣者……一直是少欲者……一直是知足者……一直是独处者……一直是不与众交往者……一直是精进者,赞叹精进。'他们会如此修行,这将给他们带来长久的利益和快乐。"
"世尊,我看到这两种利益,长期以来一直是林居者,赞叹林居生活;一直是乞食者……乃至……一直是粪扫衣者……一直是三衣者……一直是少欲者……一直是知足者……一直是独处者……一直是不与众交往者……一直是精进者,赞叹精进。"
"善哉!善哉!迦叶。你确实是为了多数人的利益,为了多数人的快乐,出于对世间的怜悯,为了天人的利益、福祉和快乐而修行。因此,迦叶,你应当继续穿着粗糙的粪扫衣,继续乞食,继续住在林中。"
第五
6. 教诫经

149. Rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa , bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.

‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Idhāhaṃ, bhante, addasaṃ bhaṇḍañca [bhaṇḍuñca (sī.)] nāma bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca [ābhiñjikañca (sī. ka.), ābhijjikañca (syā. kaṃ.)] nāma bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadante – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.

Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena bhaṇḍañca bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti.

‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha – ‘etha tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘No ce kira me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha, atha kiṃ carahi tumhe, moghapurisā, kiṃ jānantā kiṃ passantā evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.

Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘accayo no, bhante, accagamā, yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale [yathā bāle yathā mūḷhe yathā akusale (pī.), yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ (?)], ye mayaṃ evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadimha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati , ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Tesaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā’’ti.

‘‘Taggha tumhe, bhikkhave, accayo accagamā yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale, ye tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadittha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Yato ca kho tumhe, bhikkhave, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarotha, taṃ vo mayaṃ [mayaṃ accayaṃ (sī.)] paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhi hesā, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti āyatiñca saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

7. Dutiyaovādasuttaṃ



149. 在王舍城竹林精舍。那时,尊者大迦叶来到世尊所在之处。来到后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的尊者大迦叶说:"迦叶,你去教诫比丘们;迦叶,你为比丘们作法谈。要么我教诫比丘们,要么你;要么我为比丘们作法谈,要么你。"
"世尊,现在的比丘们难以教导,具有使人难以教导的性质,不能忍耐,不恭敬地接受教导。世尊,我在这里看到一个名叫班达的比丘,是阿难的同住弟子,和一个名叫阿毗基迦的比丘,是阿那律的同住弟子,他们互相以所听闻的法相互争辩:'来吧,比丘,谁能说得更多?谁能说得更好?谁能说得更久?'"
于是世尊对一位比丘说:"比丘,你来,以我的名义去告诉班达比丘,阿难的同住弟子,和阿毗基迦比丘,阿那律的同住弟子:'导师召唤你们。'"那位比丘回答说:"是,世尊。"他听从世尊的指示,来到那些比丘所在之处,告诉他们说:"导师召唤你们。"
那些比丘回答说:"好的,朋友。"他们听从那位比丘的话,来到世尊所在之处。来到后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的那些比丘说:"比丘们,你们是否真的互相以所听闻的法相互争辩:'来吧,比丘,谁能说得更多?谁能说得更好?谁能说得更久?'"
"是的,世尊。"
"比丘们,你们是否认为我曾这样教导过法:'来吧,比丘们,你们互相以所听闻的法相互争辩 - 来吧,比丘,谁能说得更多?谁能说得更好?谁能说得更久?'"
"不是的,世尊。"
"如果你们不认为我曾这样教导过法,那么你们这些愚人,知道什么,看到什么,在如此善说的法与律中出家,却互相以所听闻的法相互争辩:'来吧,比丘,谁能说得更多?谁能说得更好?谁能说得更久?'"
于是那些比丘俯伏在世尊脚下,对世尊说:"世尊,我们犯了过错,像愚人、迷惑者、不善巧者那样,我们在如此善说的法与律中出家,却互相以所听闻的法相互争辩:'来吧,比丘,谁能说得更多?谁能说得更好?谁能说得更久?'愿世尊接受我们的忏悔,认识到这是过错,为了将来的约束。"
"的确,比丘们,你们犯了过错,像愚人、迷惑者、不善巧者那样,你们在如此善说的法与律中出家,却互相以所听闻的法相互争辩:'来吧,比丘,谁能说得更多?谁能说得更好?谁能说得更久?'但是既然你们看到过错为过错,如法忏悔,我们就接受你们的忏悔。比丘们,这在圣者的律中是一种进步,即看到过错为过错,如法忏悔,并在未来约束自己。"
第六
7. 第二教诫经

150. Rājagahe viharati veḷuvane [sāvatthi, tatra-etadavoca (sī.)]. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa , bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.

‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī [hiri (sabbattha)] natthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati [āgacchanti (sī.)], hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena, hāyati maṇḍalena, hāyati ābhāya, hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi … vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi… kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.

‘‘‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘ahiriko purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘anottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kusīto purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘duppañño purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ.

‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena , vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu… hirī atthi…pe… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.

‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘hirimā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘ottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘āraddhavīriyo purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘paññavā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘akkodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, aparihānameta’’nti.

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.

‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena…pe… hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi. ‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ ; ahiriko…pe… anottappī… kusīto… duppañño… kodhano… ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ.

‘‘Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.


150. 在王舍城竹林精舍住。那时,尊者大迦叶来到世尊所在之处……乃至……世尊对坐在一旁的尊者大迦叶说:"迦叶,你去教诫比丘们;迦叶,你为比丘们作法谈。要么我教诫比丘们,要么你;要么我为比丘们作法谈,要么你。"
"世尊,现在的比丘们难以教导,具有使人难以教导的性质,不能忍耐,不恭敬地接受教导。世尊,任何人对善法没有信心,对善法没有惭,对善法没有愧,对善法没有精进,对善法没有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会衰退,不会增长。
世尊,就像在黑月期间,无论是白天还是黑夜,月亮的颜色在减少,圆形在减少,光芒在减少,大小在减少。同样地,世尊,任何人对善法没有信心……乃至……对善法没有惭……对善法没有愧……对善法没有精进……对善法没有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会衰退,不会增长。
世尊,'无信之人'是衰退;世尊,'无惭之人'是衰退;世尊,'无愧之人'是衰退;世尊,'懈怠之人'是衰退;世尊,'无智之人'是衰退;世尊,'易怒之人'是衰退;世尊,'怀恨之人'是衰退;世尊,'没有教诫者的比丘'是衰退。
世尊,任何人对善法有信心,对善法有惭,对善法有愧,对善法有精进,对善法有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会增长,不会衰退。
世尊,就像在白月期间,无论是白天还是黑夜,月亮的颜色在增加,圆形在增加,光芒在增加,大小在增加。同样地,世尊,任何人对善法有信心……乃至……对善法有惭……对善法有愧……对善法有精进……对善法有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会增长,不会衰退。
世尊,'有信之人'是不衰退;世尊,'有惭之人'是不衰退;世尊,'有愧之人'是不衰退;世尊,'精进之人'是不衰退;世尊,'有智之人'是不衰退;世尊,'不易怒之人'是不衰退;世尊,'不怀恨之人'是不衰退;世尊,'有教诫者的比丘'是不衰退。"
"善哉!善哉!迦叶。迦叶,任何人对善法没有信心……乃至……对善法没有惭……对善法没有愧……对善法没有精进……对善法没有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会衰退,不会增长。
迦叶,就像在黑月期间,无论是白天还是黑夜,月亮的颜色在减少……乃至……大小在减少。同样地,迦叶,任何人对善法没有信心……乃至……对善法没有惭……对善法没有愧……对善法没有精进……对善法没有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会衰退,不会增长。迦叶,'无信之人'是衰退;无惭……乃至……无愧……懈怠……无智……易怒……迦叶,'怀恨之人'是衰退;迦叶,'没有教诫者的比丘'是衰退。
迦叶,任何人对善法有信心……乃至……对善法有惭……对善法有愧……对善法有精进……对善法有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会增长,不会衰退。


‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena, vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.

‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; hirimā…pe… ottappī… āraddhavīriyo… paññavā… akkodhano… ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, aparihānameta’’nti. Sattamaṃ.

8. Tatiyaovādasuttaṃ



"迦叶,就像在白月期间,无论是白天还是黑夜,月亮的颜色在增加,圆形在增加,光芒在增加,大小在增加。同样地,迦叶,任何人对善法有信心,对善法有惭……对善法有愧……对善法有精进……对善法有智慧,无论是白天还是黑夜,他在善法上只会增长,不会衰退。
迦叶,'有信之人'是不衰退;有惭……乃至……有愧……精进……有智……不易怒……迦叶,'不怀恨之人'是不衰退;迦叶,'有教诫者的比丘'是不衰退。"
第七
8. 第三教诫经


151. Rājagahe kalandakanivāpe [sāvatthi, ārāme (sī.)]. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.

‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsanī’’nti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana, kassapa, pubbe therā bhikkhū āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino , paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, appicchā ceva ahesuṃ appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādino, santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino, pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādino, asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādino, āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino.

‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.

‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti; tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.

‘‘Etarahi pana, kassapa, therā bhikkhū na ceva āraññikā na ca āraññikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva piṇḍapātikā na ca piṇḍapātikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva paṃsukūlikā na ca paṃsukūlikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva tecīvarikā na ca tecīvarikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva appicchā na ca appicchatāya vaṇṇavādino, na ceva santuṭṭhā na ca santuṭṭhiyā vaṇṇavādino, na ceva pavivittā na ca pavivekassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva asaṃsaṭṭhā na ca asaṃsaggassa vaṇṇavādino , na ceva āraddhavīriyā na ca vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādino.

‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.

‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti. Tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Yañhi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā [abhibhavanā (sī.)] brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’ti [brahmacāriabhibhavanenāti (sī.)], etarahi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

9. Jhānābhiññasuttaṃ



151. 在王舍城迦兰陀竹园。那时,尊者大迦叶来到世尊所在之处。来到后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的尊者大迦叶说:"迦叶,你去教诫比丘们;迦叶,你为比丘们作法谈。要么我教诫比丘们,要么你;要么我为比丘们作法谈,要么你。"
"世尊,现在的比丘们难以教导,具有使人难以教导的性质,不能忍耐,不恭敬地接受教导。"
"迦叶,以前的长老比丘们是林居者,赞叹林居生活,是乞食者,赞叹乞食生活,是粪扫衣者,赞叹粪扫衣生活,是三衣者,赞叹三衣生活,是少欲者,赞叹少欲,是知足者,赞叹知足,是独处者,赞叹独处,是不与众交往者,赞叹不与众交往,是精进者,赞叹精进。
在那时,如果有比丘是林居者,赞叹林居生活,是乞食者,赞叹乞食生活,是粪扫衣者,赞叹粪扫衣生活,是三衣者,赞叹三衣生活,是少欲者,赞叹少欲,是知足者,赞叹知足,是独处者,赞叹独处,是不与众交往者,赞叹不与众交往,是精进者,赞叹精进,长老比丘们就会邀请他就座:'来吧,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是善良啊,这位比丘真是喜欢学习啊;来吧,比丘,请坐在这个座位上。'
那时,迦叶,新比丘们就会这样想:'据说,如果有比丘是林居者,赞叹林居生活,是乞食者……乃至……是粪扫衣者……是三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是独处者……是不与众交往者……是精进者,赞叹精进,长老比丘们就会邀请他就座:"来吧,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是善良啊,这位比丘真是喜欢学习啊;来吧,比丘,请坐在这个座位上。"'他们就会这样修行。这对他们长久以来是有益的、快乐的。
然而现在,迦叶,长老比丘们既不是林居者,也不赞叹林居生活,既不是乞食者,也不赞叹乞食生活,既不是粪扫衣者,也不赞叹粪扫衣生活,既不是三衣者,也不赞叹三衣生活,既不是少欲者,也不赞叹少欲,既不是知足者,也不赞叹知足,既不是独处者,也不赞叹独处,既不是不与众交往者,也不赞叹不与众交往,既不是精进者,也不赞叹精进。
在这种情况下,如果有比丘是著名的、有名望的、获得衣服、食物、住处、医药用品的,长老比丘们就会邀请他就座:'来吧,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是善良啊,这位比丘真是喜欢同修啊;来吧,比丘,请坐在这个座位上。'
那时,迦叶,新比丘们就会这样想:'据说,如果有比丘是著名的、有名望的、获得衣服、食物、住处、医药用品的,长老比丘们就会邀请他就座:"来吧,比丘,这位比丘叫什么名字?这位比丘真是善良啊,这位比丘真是喜欢同修啊;来吧,比丘,请坐在这个座位上。"'他们就会这样修行。这对他们长久以来是有害的、痛苦的。迦叶,如果有人正确地说:'修行者被修行者的灾难所困扰,修行者被修行者的征服所征服',那么现在,迦叶,他就是在正确地说:'修行者被修行者的灾难所困扰,修行者被修行者的征服所征服'。"
第八
9. 禅定神通经

152. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati’’.

‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharāmi sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedemi, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ananto ākāsoti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave…pe… saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati.

‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi – ekopi hutvā bahudhā homi, bahudhāpi hutvā eko homi; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ, tirokuṭṭaṃ, tiropākāraṃ, tiropabbataṃ, asajjamāno gacchāmi, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karomi, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchāmi, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamāmi, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasāmi parimajjāmi; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāmi, dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbāya sotadhātuyā…pe… dūre santike ca.


152. 在舍卫城住……乃至……"诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能离开欲望,离开不善法,进入并安住于有寻有伺、由离生喜乐的初禅。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能离开欲望,离开不善法,进入并安住于有寻有伺、由离生喜乐的初禅。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能止息寻伺,内心宁静,心专注一境,进入并安住于无寻无伺、由定生喜乐的第二禅。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能止息寻伺……乃至……进入并安住于第二禅。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能离喜,住于舍,正念正知,以身感受乐,进入并安住于圣者所说的'舍念乐住'的第三禅。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能离喜,住于舍,正念正知,以身感受乐,进入并安住于圣者所说的'舍念乐住'的第三禅。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能断乐断苦,先前的喜忧已灭,进入并安住于不苦不乐、舍念清净的第四禅。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能断乐断苦……乃至……进入并安住于第四禅。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能超越一切色想,灭除有对想,不作意种种想,进入并安住于'虚空无边'的空无边处。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能超越一切色想……乃至……进入并安住于空无边处。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能超越一切空无边处,进入并安住于'识无边'的识无边处。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能超越一切空无边处,进入并安住于识无边处。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能超越一切识无边处,进入并安住于'无所有'的无所有处。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意……乃至……进入并安住于无所有处。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能超越一切无所有处,进入并安住于非想非非想处。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意……乃至……进入并安住于非想非非想处。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能超越一切非想非非想处,进入并安住于想受灭尽定。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此……乃至……进入并安住于想受灭尽定。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能体验各种神通:一身变多身,多身变一身;显现、隐形;穿墙、穿山、不受阻碍,如同在空中;在地上出没,如同在水中;在水上行走,如同在地上;在空中结跏趺坐,如同飞鸟;手触摸日月这样有大神力、大威力的天体;身体能自在到达梵天界。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能体验各种神通……乃至……身体能自在到达梵天界。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能以清净超人的天耳,听到人与天的声音,无论远近。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能以清净超人的天耳……乃至……听到远近的声音。


‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ… samohaṃ vā cittaṃ… vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ… saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi, anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto , so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi – ‘ime vata, bhonto, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā, ime vā pana, bhonto, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.

‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.

10. Upassayasuttaṃ



"诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能以心识他心,了知其他众生、其他人的心:有贪欲的心我知道是有贪欲的心,离贪欲的心我知道是离贪欲的心,有嗔恚的心……离嗔恚的心……有愚痴的心……离愚痴的心……收缩的心……散乱的心……广大的心……不广大的心……有上的心……无上的心……专注的心……不专注的心……解脱的心……未解脱的心我知道是未解脱的心。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能以心识他心,了知其他众生、其他人的心:有贪欲的心他知道是有贪欲的心……乃至……未解脱的心他知道是未解脱的心。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能忆念种种宿命,即一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、百生、千生、百千生,许多成劫、许多坏劫、许多成坏劫:'我曾生于某处,如是名、如是姓、如是种族、如是饮食、如是苦乐感受、如是寿命。我从那里死后,又生于某处。在那里我又如是名、如是姓、如是种族、如是饮食、如是苦乐感受、如是寿命。我从那里死后,又生于此处。'如是我忆念种种宿命的状况和细节。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能忆念种种宿命,即一生……乃至……如是他忆念种种宿命的状况和细节。
诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能以清净超人的天眼,看见众生死时、生时,低贱的、高贵的,美丽的、丑陋的,幸运的、不幸的,我了知众生随业而去:'这些众生具身恶行、语恶行、意恶行,诽谤圣者,持邪见,行邪见业,他们身坏命终后,生于恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些众生具身善行、语善行、意善行,不诽谤圣者,持正见,行正见业,他们身坏命终后,生于善趣、天界。'如是,我以清净超人的天眼,看见众生死时、生时,低贱的、高贵的,美丽的、丑陋的,幸运的、不幸的,我了知众生随业而去。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能以清净超人的天眼,看见众生死时、生时……乃至……了知众生随业而去。
诸比丘,我已灭尽诸漏,无漏心解脱、慧解脱,于现法中自知自证,具足安住。诸比丘,迦叶也已灭尽诸漏,无漏心解脱、慧解脱,于现法中自知自证,具足安住。"
第九
10. 住处经

153. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhuniyo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho tā bhikkhuniyo āyasmā mahākassapo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

Atha kho thullatissā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo, ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññati? Seyyathāpi nāma sūcivāṇijako sūcikārassa santike sūciṃ vikketabbaṃ maññeyya; evameva ayyo mahākassapo ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññatī’’ti.

Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullatissāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso ānanda, ahaṃ sūcivāṇijako, tvaṃ sūcikāro; udāhu ahaṃ sūcikāro, tvaṃ sūcivāṇijako’’ti? ‘‘Khama , bhante kassapa, bālo mātugāmo’’ti. ‘‘Āgamehi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, mā te saṅgho uttari upaparikkhi’’.

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’ti…pe… . (Navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo.)

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti.

‘‘Sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.


153. 如是我闻。一时,尊者大迦叶住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,尊者阿难在上午穿好衣服,拿着钵和衣,来到尊者大迦叶所在之处。来到后,对尊者大迦叶说:"尊者迦叶,我们一起去某个比丘尼住处吧。"
"阿难贤友,你去吧,你有很多事情要做,有很多职责。"
尊者阿难第二次对尊者大迦叶说:"尊者迦叶,我们一起去某个比丘尼住处吧。"
"阿难贤友,你去吧,你有很多事情要做,有很多职责。"
尊者阿难第三次对尊者大迦叶说:"尊者迦叶,我们一起去某个比丘尼住处吧。"
于是尊者大迦叶在上午穿好衣服,拿着钵和衣,与尊者阿难作为随从,来到某个比丘尼住处。来到后,坐在准备好的座位上。然后,许多比丘尼来到尊者大迦叶所在之处。来到后,向尊者大迦叶礼拜,然后坐在一旁。尊者大迦叶以法语开示、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜那些坐在一旁的比丘尼们。然后,尊者大迦叶以法语开示、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜那些比丘尼后,从座位起身离开。
这时,偷罗低沙比丘尼不高兴,说出不满的话:"为什么大迦叶尊者认为应该在阿难尊者毗提诃牟尼面前说法呢?就像针贩子认为应该在针匠面前卖针一样,大迦叶尊者认为应该在阿难尊者毗提诃牟尼面前说法。"
尊者大迦叶听到偷罗低沙比丘尼说这话。于是尊者大迦叶对尊者阿难说:"阿难贤友,我是针贩子,你是针匠吗?还是我是针匠,你是针贩子?"
"尊者迦叶,请原谅,女人愚蠢。"
"阿难贤友,你等一下,不要让僧团进一步调查你。"
"阿难贤友,你怎么认为,你是否曾在世尊面前,在比丘僧团中被介绍说:'诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能离开欲望,离开不善法,进入并安住于有寻有伺、由离生喜乐的初禅。诸比丘,阿难也是如此,只要他愿意,就能离开欲望,离开不善法,进入并安住于有寻有伺、由离生喜乐的初禅'?"
"不是的,尊者。"
"贤友,我曾在世尊面前,在比丘僧团中被介绍说:'诸比丘,我只要愿意,就能离开欲望,离开不善法,进入并安住于有寻有伺、由离生喜乐的初禅。诸比丘,迦叶也是如此,只要他愿意,就能离开欲望,离开不善法……乃至……进入并安住于初禅'……乃至……。(应知九种次第住等至和五种神通的详细内容。)
阿难贤友,你怎么认为,你是否曾在世尊面前,在比丘僧团中被介绍说:'诸比丘,我已灭尽诸漏,无漏心解脱、慧解脱,于现法中自知自证,具足安住。诸比丘,阿难也已灭尽诸漏,无漏心解脱、慧解脱,于现法中自知自证,具足安住'?"
"不是的,尊者。"
"贤友,我曾在世尊面前,在比丘僧团中被介绍说:'诸比丘,我已灭尽诸漏,无漏心解脱、慧解脱,于现法中自知自证,具足安住。诸比丘,迦叶也已灭尽诸漏,无漏心解脱、慧解脱,于现法中自知自证,具足安住'。"
"贤友,就像有人想用棕榈叶遮盖七肘或七肘半高的大象,谁想遮盖我的六神通,就是这样。"


Cavittha ca pana thullatissā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Dasamaṃ.

11. Cīvarasuttaṃ



偷罗低**丘尼从梵行中退失了。
第十
11. 衣经


154. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārino bhikkhū sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattā bhavanti yebhuyyena kumārabhūtā. Atha kho āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ yathābhirantaṃ cārikaṃ caritvā yena rājagahaṃ veḷuvanaṃ kalandakanivāpo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, āvuso ānanda, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti?

‘‘Tayo kho, bhante kassapa, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattaṃ – dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, mā pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyuṃ [vinayapiṭake cūḷavagge saṃghabhedakakkhandhake vajirabuddhiyaṃ aññathā sambandho dassito], kulānuddayatāya ca. Ime kho, bhante kassapa, tayo atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti.

‘‘Atha kiñcarahi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi? Sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati [ullujjati (sī. aṭṭhakathāsu ca)] kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.

‘‘Api me, bhante kassapa, sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni. Atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa kumārakavādā na muccāmā’’ti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. [palujjati kho te āvuso ānanda parisā (ka. sī.)] Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.

Assosi kho thullanandā bhikkhunī – ‘‘ayyena kira mahākassapena ayyo ānando vedehamuni kumārakavādena apasādito’’ti.

Atha kho thullanandā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo aññatitthiyapubbo samāno ayyaṃ ānandaṃ vedehamuniṃ kumārakavādena apasādetabbaṃ maññatī’’ti! Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya.

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tagghāvuso ānanda, thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā vācā bhāsitā. Yatvāhaṃ, āvuso, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, nābhijānāmi aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddisitā [uddisituṃ (sī. pī. ka.)], aññatra tena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena. Pubbe me, āvuso, agārikabhūtassa sato etadahosi – ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho [rajopatho (sī.)], abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, aparena samayena paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ kāretvā [karitvā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] ye loke arahanto te uddissa kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajiṃ.


154. 一时,尊者大迦叶住在王舍城竹林栗鼠养饲处。那时,尊者阿难与一大群比丘一起在南山游行。
那时,大约有三十位尊者阿难的同住弟子放弃学处,退回低劣生活,大多是年轻人。于是尊者阿难在南山随意游行后,来到王舍城竹林栗鼠养饲处尊者大迦叶所在之处。来到后,向尊者大迦叶礼拜,然后坐在一旁。尊者大迦叶对坐在一旁的尊者阿难说:"阿难贤友,世尊制定在俗家中三人一起吃饭的规定,是出于几种理由?"
"尊者迦叶,世尊制定在俗家中三人一起吃饭的规定,是出于三种理由:为了抑制恶人,为了善良比丘们的安乐生活,为了防止恶欲之人依靠党派分裂僧团,也为了怜悯俗家。尊者迦叶,这就是世尊制定在俗家中三人一起吃饭的规定的三种理由。"
"那么,阿难贤友,你为什么与这些诸根不守护、饮食不知节制、不勤修警寤的新比丘们一起游行呢?你是在进行收割般的游行吗?你是在进行毁坏俗家的游行吗?阿难贤友,你的眷属正在崩溃;阿难贤友,你的新学比丘们正在退失。这个年轻人不知道适度。"
"尊者迦叶,我的头上已经长出白发了。然而,直到今天我们还不能摆脱尊者大迦叶对我们的'年轻人'的称呼。"
"阿难贤友,正是因为你与这些诸根不守护、饮食不知节制、不勤修警寤的新比丘们一起游行,你是在进行收割般的游行,你是在进行毁坏俗家的游行。阿难贤友,你的眷属正在崩溃;阿难贤友,你的新学比丘们正在退失。这个年轻人不知道适度。"
偷罗难陀比丘尼听说:"据说大迦叶尊者以'年轻人'的称呼呵斥了阿难尊者毗提诃牟尼。"
于是偷罗难陀比丘尼不高兴,说出不满的话:"为什么大迦叶尊者这个前外道认为应该以'年轻人'的称呼呵斥阿难尊者毗提诃牟尼呢?"尊者大迦叶听到偷罗难陀比丘尼说这话。
于是尊者大迦叶对尊者阿难说:"阿难贤友,偷罗难陀比丘尼确实说了轻率、不经思考的话。贤友,自从我剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家生活出家为无家者以来,我不记得曾归依过除了那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者之外的任何其他导师。贤友,当我还是在家人时,我想:'在家生活狭隘,是尘垢之道;出家生活广阔。在家生活很难修习完全圆满、完全清净、如贝壳般光洁的梵行。我应该剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家生活出家为无家者。'贤友,后来我用碎布做了僧伽梨衣,为了归依世间的阿罗汉们,剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家生活出家为无家者。


So evaṃ pabbajito samāno addhānamaggappaṭipanno addasaṃ bhagavantaṃ antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ bahuputte cetiye nisinnaṃ. Disvāna me etadahosi – ‘satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ; bhagavantameva passeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, tattheva bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmi; satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’ti . Evaṃ vutte maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘yo kho, kassapa, evaṃ sabbacetasā samannāgataṃ sāvakaṃ ajānaññeva vadeyya jānāmīti, apassaññeva vadeyya passāmīti, muddhāpi tassa vipateyya. Ahaṃ kho pana, kassapa, jānaññeva vadāmi jānāmīti, passaññeva vadāmi passāmī’ti.

Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘tibbaṃ me hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavissati theresu navesu majjhimesū’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.

Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kiñci dhammaṃ suṇissāmi kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi karitvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.

Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘sātasahagatā ca me kāyagatāsati na vijahissatī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbanti.

‘‘Atha kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Sattāhameva khvāhaṃ, āvuso, saraṇo [sāṇo (sī.)] raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjiṃ’’. Aṭṭhamiyā aññā udapādi.

‘‘Atha kho, āvuso, bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘idha, bhante, bhagavā nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Nisīdi kho, āvuso, bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ, kassapa, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. ‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me, bhante, bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. ‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘Dhāressāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘‘So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ. Ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni paṭipajjiṃ’’.

‘‘Yañhi taṃ, āvuso, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni [paṭiggahetā (sī.)] sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti, mamaṃ taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’’’ti.

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi…pe… (navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattinaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo) .

‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi; sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.

Cavittha ca pana thullanandā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Ekādasamaṃ.

12. Paraṃmaraṇasuttaṃ



我这样出家后,在行走长途旅程时,在王舍城和那烂陀之间的多子塔看到世尊坐在那里。看到后,我想:'我应该见到导师,我应该见到世尊;我应该见到善逝,我应该见到世尊;我应该见到正等正觉者,我应该见到世尊。'贤友,于是我就在那里俯伏在世尊脚下,对世尊说:'世尊,您是我的导师,我是您的弟子;世尊,您是我的导师,我是您的弟子。'贤友,当我这样说时,世尊对我说:'迦叶,如果有人不知道而说知道,不见而说见一个如此全心全意的弟子,他的头会裂开。但是,迦叶,我知道就说知道,我见到就说见到。'
因此,迦叶,你应该这样学习:'我将对长老、新学、中等的比丘们生起强烈的惭愧心。'迦叶,你应该这样学习。
因此,迦叶,你应该这样学习:'无论我听到什么与善法有关的法,我都会认真对待,用心思考,全神贯注,专心倾听。'迦叶,你应该这样学习。
因此,迦叶,你应该这样学习:'我不会放弃与喜悦相应的身念。'迦叶,你应该这样学习。
贤友,世尊给了我这个教诫后,从座位起身离开。贤友,我只以有漏心受用国土的食物七天。到第八天,我证得了阿罗汉果。
贤友,然后世尊离开大路,走向一棵树下。贤友,我用碎布做的僧伽梨衣折叠四层铺好,对世尊说:'世尊,请坐在这里,这将长久有益于我,带来安乐。'贤友,世尊坐在准备好的座位上。坐下后,贤友,世尊对我说:'迦叶,你这件碎布做的僧伽梨衣很柔软。''世尊,请接受我这件碎布做的僧伽梨衣,出于怜悯。''迦叶,那你愿意穿我这件粗糙的粪扫衣吗?''世尊,我愿意穿世尊的粗糙粪扫衣。'贤友,于是我把碎布做的僧伽梨衣给了世尊。我则穿上了世尊的粗糙粪扫衣。
贤友,如果有人正确地说:'他是世尊的亲生子,从口生,从法生,由法造,是法的继承人,接受了粗糙的粪扫衣',那么他就是在正确地说我:'他是世尊的亲生子,从口生,从法生,由法造,是法的继承人,接受了粗糙的粪扫衣'。
贤友,我只要愿意,就能离开欲望,离开不善法,进入并安住于有寻有伺、由离生喜乐的初禅。贤友,我只要愿意……乃至……(应知九种次第住等至和五种神通的详细内容)。
贤友,我已灭尽诸漏,无漏心解脱、慧解脱,于现法中自知自证,具足安住。贤友,就像有人想用棕榈叶遮盖七肘或七肘半高的大象,谁想遮盖我的六神通,就是这样。"
偷罗难陀比丘尼从梵行中退失了。
第十一
12. 死后经

155. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso kassapa, hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, neva hoti, na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso , abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Na hetaṃ, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ nādibrahmacariyakaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti.

‘‘Atha kiñcarahāvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Idaṃ ‘dukkha’nti kho , āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhasamudayo’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodho’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Etañhi, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ etaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ etaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.

13. Saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ



155. 一时,尊者大迦叶和尊者舍利弗住在波罗奈仙人落处的鹿野苑。那时,尊者舍利弗在傍晚结束独处后,来到尊者大迦叶所在之处。来到后,与尊者大迦叶互相问候。寒暄问候后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者舍利弗对尊者大迦叶说:"迦叶贤友,如来死后是否存在?"
"贤友,世尊未作解答:'如来死后存在。'"
"那么贤友,如来死后是否不存在?"
"贤友,世尊也未作解答:'如来死后不存在。'"
"贤友,如来死后是否既存在又不存在?"
"贤友,世尊未作解答:'如来死后既存在又不存在。'"
"那么贤友,如来死后是否既不存在又不是不存在?"
"贤友,世尊也未作解答:'如来死后既不存在又不是不存在。'"
"贤友,为什么世尊未作解答这些问题?"
"贤友,因为这不与义利相应,不是梵行的根本,不导向厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂静、神通、正觉、涅槃。所以世尊未作解答。"
"那么贤友,世尊解答了什么?"
"贤友,世尊解答了:'这是苦';世尊解答了:'这是苦集';世尊解答了:'这是苦灭';世尊解答了:'这是趣向苦灭之道'。"
"贤友,为什么世尊解答了这些?"
"贤友,因为这与义利相应,是梵行的根本,导向厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂静、神通、正觉、涅槃。所以世尊解答了这些。"
第十二
13. 相似正法经

156. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu? Ko pana, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti? ‘‘Evañcetaṃ, kassapa, hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne, bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni honti appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahanti. Na tāva, kassapa, saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti’’.

‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, na tāva jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti. Evameva kho, kassapa, na tāva saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.

‘‘Na kho, kassapa, pathavīdhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na āpodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na tejodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na vāyodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti; atha kho idheva te uppajjanti moghapurisā ye imaṃ saddhammaṃ antaradhāpenti. Seyyathāpi, kassapa, nāvā ādikeneva opilavati; na kho, kassapa, evaṃ saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.

‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari agāravā viharanti appatissā, dhamme agāravā viharanti appatissā, saṅghe agāravā viharanti appatissā, sikkhāya agāravā viharanti appatissā, samādhismiṃ agāravā viharanti appatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti.

‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, dhamme sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, saṅghe sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, sikkhāya sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, samādhismiṃ sagāravā viharanti sappatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Terasamaṃ.

Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.


156. 如是我闻。一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,尊者大迦叶来到世尊所在之处。来到后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者大迦叶对世尊说:"世尊,是什么原因,什么条件,使得从前学处较少而证悟的比丘较多?世尊,又是什么原因,什么条件,使得现在学处较多而证悟的比丘较少?"
"迦叶,当众生衰退、正法消失时,就会出现学处较多而证悟的比丘较少的情况。迦叶,只要相似正法不在世间出现,正法就不会消失。迦叶,当相似正法在世间出现时,正法就会消失。"
"迦叶,就像只要假黄金不在世间出现,真黄金就不会消失。迦叶,当假黄金在世间出现时,真黄金就会消失。同样,迦叶,只要相似正法不在世间出现,正法就不会消失。迦叶,当相似正法在世间出现时,正法就会消失。"
"迦叶,不是地界使正法消失,不是水界使正法消失,不是火界使正法消失,不是风界使正法消失;而是在这里出现的愚人使这正法消失。迦叶,就像船只从一开始就下沉;迦叶,正法的消失不是这样的。"
"迦叶,有五种退堕法会导致正法混乱、消失。哪五种?迦叶,在这里,比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷对导师不恭敬、不顺从,对法不恭敬、不顺从,对僧团不恭敬、不顺从,对学处不恭敬、不顺从,对禅定不恭敬、不顺从。迦叶,这五种退堕法会导致正法混乱、消失。"
"迦叶,有五种法会导致正法安住、不混乱、不消失。哪五种?迦叶,在这里,比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷对导师恭敬、顺从,对法恭敬、顺从,对僧团恭敬、顺从,对学处恭敬、顺从,对禅定恭敬、顺从。迦叶,这五种法会导致正法安住、不混乱、不消失。"
第十三
迦叶相应完。


Tassuddānaṃ –

Santuṭṭhañca anottappī, candūpamaṃ kulūpakaṃ;

Jiṇṇaṃ tayo ca ovādā, jhānābhiññā upassayaṃ;

Cīvaraṃ paraṃmaraṇaṃ, saddhammappatirūpakanti.


这是摘要 -
知足和无愧，月喻和亲近家庭；
衰老和三种教诫，禅定神通和住处；
衣服、他人死亡，以及相似正法。
注释：
1. 在章节编号数字后已加反斜杠。
2. 这段文字是一个摘要或目录，以诗歌体呈现。译文尽量保持了对仗形式。
3. 文中没有出现可以确定的古代地名。
4. 巴利文已按要求直接翻译,未提供对照。
5. 翻译力求完整直译,未作缩略或

